中新網(wǎng)北京7月9日電(蔣鯉)美國(guó)俄亥俄州一名因遭強(qiáng)奸懷孕的10歲女童要求流產(chǎn)遭拒，因此不得不長(zhǎng)途跋涉至印第安納州接受手術(shù)，引發(fā)美國(guó)社會(huì)震動(dòng)。墮胎被拒，無疑是對(duì)女童的二次傷害。當(dāng)司法凌駕女性意志，美國(guó)女性的人權(quán)如何得到保障？
當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間6月24日，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦最高法院發(fā)布裁決，正式推翻“羅訴韋德案”，結(jié)束對(duì)墮胎權(quán)的保護(hù)。俄亥俄州隨即宣布，該州女性只要懷孕滿6周就不得墮胎，無論是遭受性侵，還是自然受孕，未成年人也不例外。
該女童墮胎遭拒，凸顯了這一裁決帶來的嚴(yán)重后果，即受害者遭受懲罰，被迫生育，這暴露出美國(guó)在保護(hù)婦女兒童權(quán)利方面職責(zé)缺位。
該項(xiàng)裁決剝奪了美國(guó)女性的自由和選擇權(quán)，無疑是一種社會(huì)倒退。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)拜登也發(fā)表講話，稱最高法院的裁決是“悲劇性錯(cuò)誤”，讓美國(guó)倒退150年。這種公然違背美國(guó)憲法精神的裁決一出，無疑給了美國(guó)憲法當(dāng)頭一棒，它削弱了憲法的權(quán)威，挑戰(zhàn)了憲法所規(guī)定的“保障人權(quán)”這一重要原則。
美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期以“人權(quán)衛(wèi)士”自居，但禁止墮胎侵犯美國(guó)女性的生殖權(quán)利，讓本可以自由選擇的權(quán)利，變成了強(qiáng)迫承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。對(duì)此，美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)(CNN)6月27日表示，此舉與全球更自由墮胎的趨勢(shì)背道而馳，使美國(guó)成為了西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中的“異類”。
聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)事務(wù)高級(jí)專員米歇爾·巴切萊特也就美國(guó)聯(lián)邦法院這一裁決發(fā)表評(píng)論。她表示，獲得安全、合法和有效的墮胎服務(wù)深深植根于國(guó)際人權(quán)法，是婦女和女孩在不受歧視、暴力和脅迫的情況下自主選擇自己身體和生活的能力的核心。
她指出，美國(guó)最高法院的裁決剝奪了美國(guó)數(shù)百萬婦女的這種自主權(quán)，特別是那些低收入和少數(shù)族裔的婦女，損害了她們的基本權(quán)利，是對(duì)女性人權(quán)和性別平等的巨大打擊。
與此同時(shí)，民主黨和共和黨所主政的各州在對(duì)最高法院這一裁決立場(chǎng)不一，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致跨州墮胎，由此引發(fā)的關(guān)于人權(quán)、倫理和政府責(zé)任的沖突和爭(zhēng)議勢(shì)必進(jìn)一步激化州與聯(lián)邦政府的矛盾，也加劇美國(guó)社會(huì)的分裂。
在現(xiàn)行的立法、行政、司法三權(quán)分立制度下，聯(lián)邦法院這一裁決恐怕很難再被推翻。“美式民主”陷入危機(jī)，美國(guó)女性的人權(quán)如何得到保障？
How can American women's human rights be guaranteed?
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- The case of a 10-year-old child rape victim in Ohio who was six weeks pregnant but ineligible for an abortion in her own state and forced to travel to Indiana for the procedure has shocked the U.S. and the world. The abortion ban does secondary harm to the girl.
How can American women's human rights be guaranteed when judicature act prevails over women's birth preference?
The U.S. Supreme Court officially reversed Roe v. Wade on June 24, putting an end to federal abortion rights. It immediately came into force in Ohio, which declares that women with a gestation age of six weeks are not allowed to abort.
The case of the 10-year-old girl has spotlit the shocking impact of the U.S. supreme court ruling on abortion, which states that the victim has to give birth against their will. It reveals the negligence of the U.S. government in protecting the human rights of women and children.
The overturning of Roe v. Wade deprives U.S. women of freedom and choice, forcing U.S. society to regress. The U.S. President Joe Biden also addressed the decision, saying it was a “tragic error” and the court is literally “taking the country back 150 years.”
The ruling, which openly violates the spirit of the American Constitution, has undoubtedly weakened its authority and challenged the vital principle of "safeguarding human rights" stipulated by the Constitution.
The U.S., who has long regarded itself as a "guardian of human rights”， has invaded women’s reproduction rights with such an abortion ban, turning it a compulsory obligation. CNN also criticized this decision, saying the move counters a global trend towards freer access to abortion and makes the U.S. an “outlier” in the West.
Michelle Bachelet Jeria, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, also criticized the ruling by the federal court. "Access to safe, legal and effective abortion is firmly rooted in international human right law and is at the core of women and girls' autonomy and ability to make their own choices about their bodies and lives, free of discrimination, violence and coercion," Jeria said in a media statement.
"This decision strips such autonomy from millions of women in the U.S., in particular those with low incomes and those belonging to racial and ethnic minorities, to the detriment of their fundamental rights," she added.
Besides, states dominated by the U.S. Democratic Party and Republican Party are divided on the abortion ban, which may lead to cross-states abortion. The resulting conflicts and disputes on human rights, ethics and government responsibilities will inevitably further intensify the contradiction between the state and the federal government, and further split the country.
However, the decision made by the federal court, protected by the country’s system of separation of powers, is hard to be overturned once again. As U.S.-style "democracy" is beset with a crisis, how can American women's human rights be guaranteed?
【編輯:房家梁】
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